The posterior pituitary gland is actually not glandular tissue at all, but nervous tissue instead. Situated in a small depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica, the pituitary gland is actually made of 2 completely separate structures: the posterior and anterior pituitary glands. Many blood vessels surround the pituitary gland to carry the hormones it releases throughout the body. The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus of the brain. The last two hormones-oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone-are produced by the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and later released. GnRH stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone while CRH stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
GHRH and GHIH work to regulate the release of growth hormone-GHRH stimulates growth hormone release, GHIH inhibits its release. TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.
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